Xld media12/20/2023 ![]() ![]() To escape nutrient limitation caused by the intestinal microbiota, Salmonella uses specific metabolic traits for the utilisation of compounds that are not metabolized by gut microbiota. In the inflamed gut, motility allows Salmonella Typhimurium to utilize available nutrients for its enhanced growth. In the chicken gut, Salmonella elicits inflammation through the activation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) for encoding the type III secretion system. Pathogenic Salmonella present in laying production systems often result in gastroenteritis in humans after the consumption of contaminated food. Salmonella Typhimurium causes clinical disease in many animals and humans however, chickens are often asymptomatic carriers. The host gut microbiota is affected by multiple factors such as disease, diet, husbandry conditions and age. The chicken gut microbiota is mainly composed of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. ![]() The gut microbiota help in digestion and metabolism, regulation of enterocytes, vitamin synthesis and development and regulation of the host immune system. These microorganisms (microbiota) are involved in functions that are critical to bird health and performance. The chicken gut microbiome is composed of multiple microorganisms and their genetic materials. Continuous probiotic supplementation decreased ( P < 0.05) the overall mean load of Salmonella in faeces and had a significant effect on Salmonella load reduction in internal organs. Probiotic supplementation in Salmonella challenged chickens resulted in higher level of propionate. Salmonella infection caused dysbiosis by decreasing (FDR 0.05) by Salmonella challenge and the butyrate level was increased by the continuous feeding of the probiotic. ![]()
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